Pontianak is the capital of the Indonesia province of West Kalimantan. It is a medium-size industrial city on the island of Borneo, among Indonesian, Borneo Island is called Pulau Kalimantan. Pontianak occupies an area of 107.82 km² in the delta of the Kapuas River, at approximately 1143 km, the longest river in Indonesia and the 138th-longest river in the World by length. It is located precisely on the equator, hence widely known as Kota Khatulistiwa (Equator City).
History
The city was formerly the capital of the independent Sultanate of Pontianak and was founded in 1772 around an old trading station on the Borneo coast. It is built on swampy ground that is subjected to regular flooding by the river, requiring buildings to be constructed on piles to keep them off the ground. It has its name due to the story that the founder had seen appearance of Kuntilanak ghost at the place to be built for the palace, which he fought to save the people.
The city was formerly the capital of the independent Sultanate of Pontianak and was founded in 1772 around an old trading station on the Borneo coast. It is built on swampy ground that is subjected to regular flooding by the river, requiring buildings to be constructed on piles to keep them off the ground. It has its name due to the story that the founder had seen appearance of Kuntilanak ghost at the place to be built for the palace, which he fought to save the people.
Economy
Pontianak is renowned for its food and regional produce. The main industries are shipbuilding and the production of rubber, palm oil, sugar, pepper, rice and tobacco. It was formerly Borneo’s main centre for gold extraction. Pontianak is also recognised for being a trade hub between overseas cities and other cities in West Kalimantan province. It has also strong trade link with the city of Kuching, Malaysia. Trading activities are centered along the Kapuas River, which range from easternmost part of West Kalimantan province to South China Sea.
Pontianak is renowned for its food and regional produce. The main industries are shipbuilding and the production of rubber, palm oil, sugar, pepper, rice and tobacco. It was formerly Borneo’s main centre for gold extraction. Pontianak is also recognised for being a trade hub between overseas cities and other cities in West Kalimantan province. It has also strong trade link with the city of Kuching, Malaysia. Trading activities are centered along the Kapuas River, which range from easternmost part of West Kalimantan province to South China Sea.
Education
There are college and university operated by both state institutions as well as private and religious institutions. The University of Tanjung Pura, a state university, was established in Pontianak in 1963. In addition to this, there are other universities maintained by private institutions. Muhammadiyah University, University of Widya Dharma, University of Panca Bhakti, STMIK (Sekolah tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer), University of Panca Bhakti, State Islamic collage (STAIN), POLNEP (Politeknik Negeri Pontianak), etc.
There are college and university operated by both state institutions as well as private and religious institutions. The University of Tanjung Pura, a state university, was established in Pontianak in 1963. In addition to this, there are other universities maintained by private institutions. Muhammadiyah University, University of Widya Dharma, University of Panca Bhakti, STMIK (Sekolah tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer), University of Panca Bhakti, State Islamic collage (STAIN), POLNEP (Politeknik Negeri Pontianak), etc.
Demographics
The 2000 census put Pontianak’s population at about 472,220., with an intercensal estimate in 2006 of 509,804. Pontianak is a multicultural city. It has a large population of Chinese alongside the native Malay and Dayak local ethnic groups, living along side Javanese, Bugis, Batak, Minang, Madurese, Sundanese, Balinese, Ambonese and Papuan migrating from all over the country.
The 2000 census put Pontianak’s population at about 472,220., with an intercensal estimate in 2006 of 509,804. Pontianak is a multicultural city. It has a large population of Chinese alongside the native Malay and Dayak local ethnic groups, living along side Javanese, Bugis, Batak, Minang, Madurese, Sundanese, Balinese, Ambonese and Papuan migrating from all over the country.
In fact, Chinese form the largest single ethnic group in the city. Most Chinese are of either Teochew or Hakka extraction. Teochew is the main lingua franca used among the Chinese, and Teochew are the dominant ethnic Chinese group in Pontianak. Native Indonesians are mainly Malay and Dayak people. Madurese and Javanese are also significant minorities. Most citizens of Pontianak use Malay accent of Indonesian, which is somewhat similar to that used in Malaysia.
Language
Teochew dialect of Min Nan is the lingua franca used amongst the Chinese people in Pontianak. This dialect is closely related to the Teochew used in Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. These Chinese people trace their origins to the Chaoshan region in the Guangdong province of China.
Teochew dialect of Min Nan is the lingua franca used amongst the Chinese people in Pontianak. This dialect is closely related to the Teochew used in Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. These Chinese people trace their origins to the Chaoshan region in the Guangdong province of China.
Transportation
The most popular way of transport are motorcycles. Public transport includes minivan (local: opelet) and human-powered becak (three-wheel pedicabs). There are some city buses serving certain routes only. Inter city bus takes passengers to other nearby cities (2, 3, to 10 or more hours of travel), even to Kuching, a city in Malaysia. Road transportation to Malaysia is possible via the Trans-Kalimantan Highway (Jalan Lintas Kalimantan) to Tebedu in Sarawak.
The most popular way of transport are motorcycles. Public transport includes minivan (local: opelet) and human-powered becak (three-wheel pedicabs). There are some city buses serving certain routes only. Inter city bus takes passengers to other nearby cities (2, 3, to 10 or more hours of travel), even to Kuching, a city in Malaysia. Road transportation to Malaysia is possible via the Trans-Kalimantan Highway (Jalan Lintas Kalimantan) to Tebedu in Sarawak.
Transportation to other parts of Indonesia is mainly via Supadio Airport. There are more than 10 flights every day connecting Pontianak and Jakarta. There is also sea transport connecting Pontianak to Jakarta, Semarang, Cirebon and some other cities, including regional cities such as Ketapang in southern part of West Kalimantan.
Climate
Pontianak features a tropical rainforest climate under the Koppen climate classification. The city sees a copious amount of rain throughout the year, averaging 3210 mm of precipitation annually. Only in the month of July does average monthly precipitation fall below 200 mm. Temperatures are consistent throughout the course of the year, with average high temperatures of 30 degrees celsius and average low temperatures of 23 degrees celsius.
Pontianak features a tropical rainforest climate under the Koppen climate classification. The city sees a copious amount of rain throughout the year, averaging 3210 mm of precipitation annually. Only in the month of July does average monthly precipitation fall below 200 mm. Temperatures are consistent throughout the course of the year, with average high temperatures of 30 degrees celsius and average low temperatures of 23 degrees celsius.
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